Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate prevalence data risk factors from January to December 2022. Total infestation rates higher in goats 57.02% and in buffaloes 54.06% with no significant differences followed by sheep 50.43% and the lowest rate was recorded in cattle 40.37% with significant differences. The highest infestation rate in winter was 60%, 56%and 79% recorded in sheep cattle and buffaloes respectively while the lowest infestation rates 40%, 22.22% and 43.64% in the same animals respectively in summer compared with goats recorded the highest rate 65% at p≤ 0.05. Sheep and cattle recorded no significant infestation rates between age groups compared with goats and buffaloes which recorded higher infestation rates in age group more than 3 years old 71.76% and 64.09% respectively. Results of sheep, goats and buffaloes recorded that females were more infested than males 68.97%, 76.60% and 61% respectively compared with cattle 66.66% in males. Higher infestation rate 55.71% indoor feeding system in sheep compared with goats which recorded 69.16% in outdoor feeding system. The highest infestation rate was in Al-Shura 55% and the lowest in Nineveh Plain 40%; in goats the highest infestation was in Bazwaya 88.33% and the lowest was 47.3% in Gojjali 47.3%, in cattle the highest infestation rate was in Izhilila 50% and the lowest in Orta Kharab 25%, while in buffaloes the highest infestation rate was recorded in Hawy Al maslagh 80% and the lowest was 36% in Hammam Al-Alil (Tomb of the slave). The study identified two lice species in sheep Linognathus spp. and Damalina ovis, while in goats; Linognathus spp. and Damalina capri. Lice species Damalina bovis was recorded in cattle while Haematopinus tuberculatus was recorded in buffalo.

Key words: ruminants, prevalence, lice, Damalina, Linognathus